Abstract
This paper proposes a design redundancy framework for countering the risks inherent in humanitarian supply chains (SCs), particularly those operating in conflict zones. This framework deals with humanitarian SC design and risk management, drawing from literature on agility and resilience. The humanitarian SC operation directed by the logistics cluster in Yemen is analyzed using system dynamics simulation and network optimization. Real data is used as input to the models to create and five alternative SC designs which can be implemented depending on the current risks to the humanitarian SC. This constitutes the new concept of design redundancy, whereby humanitarian SC managers can analyse multiple alternative SC designs for humanitarian operations. Each design is fitted to a potential risk scenario which is likely to occur during that crisis. The approach developed empowers the decision-makers to ensure the continued flow of aid to beneficiaries despite disruption providing decision-making support for humanitarian SC managers and communication with donors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acimovic, J., & Goentzel, J. (2016). Models and metrics to assess humanitarian response capacity. Journal of Operations Management, 45, 11–29.
Altay, N., & Green, W. G. (2006). OR/MS research in disaster operations management. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(1), 475–493.
Altay, N., Gunasekaran, A., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2018). Agility and resilience as antecedents of supply chain performance under moderating effects of organizational culture within humanitarian setting: A dynamic capability view. Production Planning and Control, 29(14), 1158–1174.
Arminas, D. (2005). Supply lessons of tsunami aid. Supply Management, 10(2), 14.
Bier, T., Lange, A., & Glock, C. (2019). Methods for mitigating disruptions in complex supply chain structures: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1687954.
C-130J Specifications and Performance. (GlobalSecurity.org). Retrieved July 2, 2018. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-130j-specs.htm.
Chen, H. Y., Das, A., & Ivanov, D. (2019). Building resilience and managing post-disruption supply chain recovery: Lessons from the information and communication technology industry. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 330–342.
Christopher, M., & Peck, H. (2004). Building the resilient supply chain. International Journal of Logistics Management, 15(2), 1–14.
Christopher, M., & Tatham, P. (2011). Humanitarian logistics. London: Kogan Page.
Christopher, M., & Towill, D. (2001). An integrated model for the design of agile supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 31(4), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030110394914.
CNN, D. N. & S. M. (n.d.). Yemen war is world’s worst humanitarian crisis, UN says. Retrieved June 6, 2018. https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/03/middleeast/yemen-worlds-worst-humanitarian-crisis-un-intl/index.html.
Dolgui, A., Ivanov, D., & Sokolov, B. (2018). Ripple effect in the supply chain: An analysis and recent literature. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1–2), 414–430.
Dubey, R., & Altay, N. (2018). Drivers of coordination in humanitarian relief supply chains. In G. Kovács, K. Spens, & M. Moshtari (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of humanitarian logistics and supply chain management (pp. 297–325). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dubey, R., Altay, N., & Blome, C. (2017). Swift trust and commitment: The missing links for humanitarian supply chain coordination? Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2676-z.
Dubey, R., & Gunasekaran, A. (2016). The sustainable humanitarian supply chain design: Agility, adaptability and alignment. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 19(1), 62–82.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., & Papadopoulos, T. (2019). Disaster relief operations: Past, present and future. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1–2), 1–8.
DuHadway, S., Carnovale, S., & Hazen, B. (2019). Understanding risk management for intentional supply chain disruptions: Risk detection, risk mitigation, and risk recovery. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1–2), 179–198.
Duran, S., Gutierrez, M. A., & Keskinocak, P. (2011). Pre-positioning of emergency items for CARE international. Interfaces, 41(3), 223–237.
Ergun, O., Karakus, G., Keskinocak, P., Swann, J., & Villarreal, M. (2009). Humanitarian supply chain management—An overview. In Dagstuhl seminar proceedings 09261. http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2009/2181.
Gunasekaran, A., Subramanian, N., & Rahman, S. (2015). Supply chain resilience: Role of complexities and strategies. International Journal of Production Research, 53(22), 6809–6819.
Gupta, V., & Ivanov, D. (2019). Dual sourcing under supply disruption with risk-averse suppliers in the sharing economy. International Journal of Production Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1686189.
Haavisto, I., Kovacs, G., & Spens, K. M. (2016). Supply chain management for humanitarians: Tools for practice (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
He, J., Alavifard, F., Ivanov, D., & Jahani, H. (2019). A real-option approach to mitigate disruption risk in the supply chain. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 88, 133–149.
Hosseini, S., Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2019). Review of quantitative methods for supply chain resilience analysis. Transportation Research Part E, 125, 285–307.
Hu, S., & Dong, Z. S. (2019). Supplier selection and pre-positioning strategy in humanitarian relief. Omega, 83, 287–298.
Ivanov, D. (2017a). Supply chain simulation and optimization with anylogistix: Teaching notes. Berlin School of Economics and Law.
Ivanov, D. (2017b). Simulation-based ripple effect modelling in the supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 55(7), 2083–2101.
Ivanov, D. (2018a). Revealing interfaces of supply chain resilience and sustainability: A simulation study. International Journal of Production Research, 56(10), 3507–3523.
Ivanov, D. (2018b). Structural dynamics and resilience in supply chain risk management. New York: Springer.
Ivanov, D. (2019). Disruption tails and revival policies: A simulation analysis of supply chain design and production-ordering systems in the recovery and post-disruption periods. CAIE. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.10.043.
Ivanov, D., & Sokolov, B. (2013). Control and system-theoretic identification of the supply chain dynamics domain for planning, analysis, and adaptation of performance under uncertainty. European Journal of Operational Research, 224(2), 313–323.
Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2019). Low-certainty-need (LCN) supply chains: A new perspective in managing disruption risks and resilience. International Journal of Production Research, 57(15–16), 5119–5136.
Ivanov, D., & Sokolov, B. (2019). Simultaneous structural-operational control of supply chain dynamics and resilience. Annals of Operatios Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03231-0.
Ivanov, D., Sokolov, B., & Dolgui, A. (2014). The Ripple effect in supply chains: Trade-off ‘efficiency-flexibility-resilience’ in disruption management. International Journal of Production Research, 52(7), 2154–2172.
Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A., & Schönberger, J. (2019). Global supply chain and operations management (2nd ed.). Cham: Springer.
Klibi, W., Ichoua, S., & Martel, A. (2018). Prepositioning emergency supplies to support disaster relief: A case study using stochastic programming. INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 56(1), 50–81.
Logistics Cluster. (n.d.). Retrieved June 6, 2018. https://logcluster.org/about-us.
Maskell, B. (2001). The age of agile manufacturing. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 6(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540110380868.
Oloruntoba, R., & Gray, R. (2006). Humanitarian aid: An agile supply chain? Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 11(2), 115–120.
Pavlov, A., Ivanov, D., Pavlov, D., & Slinko, A. (2019a). Optimization of network redundancy and contingency planning in sustainable and resilient supply chain resource management under conditions of structural dynamics. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03182-6.
Pavlov, A., Ivanov, D., Werner, F., Dolgui, A., & Sokolov, B. (2019b). Integrated detection of disruption scenarios, the ripple effect dispersal and recovery paths in supply chains. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03454-1.
Situm, M., & Mateos, R. M. M. (2017). The strategic view of supply chain management and its association with risk. International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, 11(1), 87–134.
Thomas, A., & Mizushima, M. (2005). Logistics training: Necessity or luxury? Forced Migration Review, 22, 60–61.
Van Wassenhove, L. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: Supply chain management in high gear. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475–489.
WFP opens strategic hubs to augment global emergency response. WFP. Retrieved July 5, 2018. https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/wfp-opens-strategic-hubs-augment-global-emergency-response.
WFP-Logistics Cluster Officer. June 2018. Video-call Interview.
Yemen. (2018). Humanitarian needs overview [EN/AR]. UNOCHA. Retrieved June 30, 2018. https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-2018-humanitarian-needs-overview-enar.
Yemen- Hodeidah Contingency Plan. (2017). Logistics cluster. 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2018. https://logcluster.org/sites/default/files/logistics_cluster_yemen_hodeidahcontingencyplan_170322_0.pdf.
Yemen Humanitarian Import Overview. (2018). Yemen logistics cluster. Retrieved June 30, 2018. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/logistics_cluster_yemen_humanitarian_imports_overview_180605.pdf.
Yemen Storage Assessment-Logistics Capacity Assessment-Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments. (Logistics Cluster). Retrieved July 2, 2018. http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.6+Yemen+Storage+Assessment.
Yemen Timeline. (2018). BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951.
Yemen-Concept of Operations, March 2018. Logistics Cluster. Retrieved June 6, 2018. https://logcluster.org/document/yemen-concept-operations-March-2018.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stewart, M., Ivanov, D. Design redundancy in agile and resilient humanitarian supply chains. Ann Oper Res 319, 633–659 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03507-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03507-5